Born December 11, 1918, in Kislovodsk, Soviet Russia. Only child. Nickname: Sanya. Father: dead before Sanya's birth. Mother: overeducated secretary. Raised Russian Orthodox. Childhood distinctions: hyperactive achiever. 1924 joined mother in Rostov-on-Don. 1930 joined Young Pioneers, a Communist youth group. 1936 top graduate of elite Rostov high school (and a full-fledged atheist). 1940 married Natalya Reshetovskaya. 1941 mathematics graduate of Un. of Rostov. 1942-45 artillery officer in Red Army. 1945 arrested for criticizing Stalin. 1945 prison camp in Moscow. 1946 Mavrino 'think tank' prison in Moscow. 1950 transferred to dreaded work camp in Kazakhstan. 1952 rediscovered faith. 1953 released but exiled to Kazakhstan. 1954 survived stomach cancer 1962 published masterpiece novella One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich. 1968 published two major polyphonic novels: First Circle and Cancer Ward. 1970 Nobel Prize for literature. 1972 August 1914, first of Red Wheel (World War I and Communist Revolution) series. 1973 Married Natalya Svetlova, with whom he had three sons. 1974 first of 3-volume Gulag Archipelago. 1974 expelled from Soviet Russia. 1976 moved to Vermont. 1978 alienated western press and academia by revealing religious core in Harvard Speech 1994 returned to Russia after fall of Communism. 2000 urged Russians to hasten reforms.

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BY ALEXANDER SOLZHENITSYN:

Cancer Ward.  First English translation published 1968.     HC.     PB
The First Circle. First English translation published 1968.     PB
One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich. First English translation published 1963.     PB

August 1914: The Red Wheel/Knot I. First English translation published 1972.     PB
November 1916: The Red Wheel/Knot II. First English translation published 1999.     HC     PB
March  1917: The Red Wheel/Knot III.  As of 2000 available only  in Russian and French.
April 1917: The Red Wheel. As of 2000 available only in Russian?

The Gulag Archipelago.  Vol. 1: Parts 1 and 2. First English translation published 1974.     PB
The Gulag Archipelago.  Vol. 2: Parts 3 and 4. First English translation published 1975.     PB
The Gulag Archipelago.  Vol. 3: Parts 5, 6 and 7. First English translation published 1978.     PB

Candle in the Wind.  First English translation published 1973.
Decembrists without December.  First English translation published 1983.
(With other contributors) From under the Rubble.  Boston: Little, Brown, 1975.
Invisible Allies. First English translation published 1997.     PB
Lenin in Zurich.  First English translation published 1976
A Lenten Letter to Pimen, Patriarch of All Russia. First English translation published 1972.
Letter to the Soviet Leaders. First English translation published 1975.
The Love-Girl and the Innocent.  First English translation published 1969.    PB
          Also titled The Tenderfoot and the Tart.
The Mortal Danger: How Misconceptions about Russia Imperil America. 
          First English translation published 1980.
The Oak and the Calf: A Memoir.  First English translation published 1979.
Prussian Nights: A Poem. First English translation published 1977.     PB
The Russian Question at the End of the Twentieth Century :      HC
          First English translation published 1995.
Solzhenitsyn: A Pictorial Autobiography. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1974.
Stories and Prose Poems.  New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1971. 
          All shorter prose works with the exception of two prose poems.
Victory Celebrations.  Translated by Helen Rapp and Nancy Thomas.     PB
          Better known under title Feast of the Conquerors.
Warning to the West.  New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1976. 
          Solzhenitsyn's speeches to the AFL-CIO in Washington and New York in 1975.
We Never Make Mistakes. Two novellas: 'An Incident at Krechetovka Station'      PB
          and 'Matryona's House'.
A World Split Apart. New York: Harper & Row, 1978. Text of Harvard address.


ABOUT SOZHENITSYN:
Barker, Francis,  Solzhenitsyn: Politics and form.  London: New York: Barnes & Noble, 1975.
Burg, David, and George Feifer,  Solzhenitsyn.  London: New York: Stein & Day, 1972. 
          The first full-length biography but dated.
Carlisle, Olga,  Solzhenitsyn and the Secret Circle.  New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1978. 
          Self-serving and of questionable reliability.
Carter, Stephen,  The Politics of Solzhenitsyn.  New York: Holmes & Meier, 1977.      HC
Dunlop, John and others, eds., Solzhenitsyn in Exile: Critical Essays and      HC
          Documentary Materials, 1985.
Ericson, Edward E., Solzhenitsyn: The Moral Vision. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1980.
Ericson, Edward E., Solzhenitsyn and the Modern World. Regnery,1993.     HC
Feuer, Kathrvn, ed.,  Solzhenitsyn: A Collection of Critical Essays.  Englewood Cliffs,
          N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1976.
Klimoff, Alexis, editor, One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich. A Critical Companion.    PB
          Northwestern, 1997.
Kopelev, Lev,  Ease My Sorrows.  New York: Random House, 1983.  Vol. 3
          of memoirs of Solzhenitsyn's prison friend.
Krasnov, Viadislav,  Solzhenitsyn and Dostoevsky: A Study in the Polyphonic Novel. 
          Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1980.
Lakshin, Vladimir,  Solzhenitsyn, Tvardovsky, and 'Novy Mir'. Cambridge, MA:
          MIT Press, 1980.  Critique of The Oak and the Calf.
Medvedev, Zhores,  Ten Years after Ivan Denisovich. London: Macmillan, 1973. 
          Solzhenitsyn's tribulations from 1963 to 1973.
Moody, Christopher,  Solzhenitsyn. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1976.  Critical study
          of literary works up to August 1914.
Nielsen, Niels Christian,  Solzhenitsyn's Religion.  Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 1975.
Panin, Dimitri,  The Notebooks of Sologdin. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich,
          1976. Memoirs of Solzhenitsyn's prison friend.
Pontuso, James, Solzhenitsyn's Political Thought. Univ. of Virginia Press, 1990.     HC
Reshetovskava, Natalia,  Sanya: My Life with Alexander Solzhenitsyn. Indianapolis:
          Bobbs-Merrill, 1975.  Highly questionable memoir of ex-wife.
Rothberg, Abraham,  Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn: The Major Novels.  Ithaca, NY: Cornell
          University Press, 1971. Ivan Denisovich, Cancer Ward, and First Circle.
Scammell, Michael,  Solzhenitsyn: A Biography. New York: Norton & Co., 1984.
          The premier biography.
Thomas, D.M.,  Alexander Solzhenitsyn: A Century of His Life, 1998.     HC     PB
          Pyscho-babble derivative from Scammell.


ABOUT THE SOVIET UNION:
Chamberlin, W. H., The Russian Revolution. 2 vols.  New York: Grossett & Dunlap, 1965.
Johnson, Priscilla,  Khrushchev and the Arts.  Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1965.
Kuznetsov, Edward,  Prison Diaries.  New York: Stein & Day, 1975.
Sakharov, Andrei D., Progress, Coexistence, and Intellectual Freedom. 
          New York: Norton, 1968.
Smith, Hedrick,  The New Russians.  1991     PB
Svirski, Grigori,  A History of Post-war Soviet Writing.  Translated/edited Robert Dessaix
          and Michael Ulman.  Ann Arbor, MI: Ardis, 1981.