Born March 19, 1813, in Blantyre, Scotland. 2^nd oldest of 2 sisters, 5 brothers. Father: tea salesman. Both parents lived into his adulthood. Childhood distinctions: purpose, doggedness. Raised Presbyterian, then independent Calvinist church. 1823 began work in cotton mill. 1833 spiritual awakening. 1836 began medical study in Glasgow. 1838 accepted by London Missionary Society for mission study combined with more medical study. 1840 ordained, received medical degree, left to join Robert Moffat's Kuruman mission in South Africa. 1841 began trips from Kuruman into Africa 'wilderness'. 1843 opened new mission at Mabotsa. 1844 mauled by lion. 1845 married Mary Moffat (with whom he had 3 daughters, 3 sons) 1849 crossed Kalahari to find Lake Ngama. 1851 discovered Upper Zambesi, developed goal of introducing trade by exploring rivers. 1853 began 3-year exploration of African interior from coast to coast. 1856 returned to England international hero. 1857 broke with L. M. S., book Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa a sensation. 1858 returned to explore Zambesi region. 1862 Mary joined him but died. 1864 returned to England by first sailing the Indian Ocean. 1866 began many years of exploring for source of the Nile, rumored dead. 1871 much-publicized meeting with reporter Stanley. Died 1873, probably May 1, in what was later Zambia. Buried in Westminster Abbey in London.

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BY DAVID LIVINGSTONE:
                   Three books highlight his voluminous writings:
Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa.  London: Murray, 1857.                          PB
Narrative of an Expedition to the Zambezi and its Tributaries. London: Murray, 1865.      PB
(ed. H. Waller) The Last Journals of David Livingstone in Central Africa from                     PB
     1865 to His Death. London: Murray, 1874.
                Many collections of his papers are in print:
Family Letters: 1841-1856. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing, 1975.                    HC
(ed. Timothy Holmes) Letters and Documents, 1841-1872: The Zambian Collection             PB
     at the Livingstone Museum.
Chamberlin, D., Some letters from Livingstone, 1840-1872.                                                            PB
Livingstone letters, 1843 to 1872 : David Livingstone correspondence in the                           PB
     Brenthurst Library, Johannesburg.
(ed. I. Schapera) Livingstone's Private Journals 1851-1853. London: Chatto
     & Windus, 1960.
(ed. I. Schapera) David Livingstone: Family Letters, Volume I  1841-1848.
     London: Chatto & Windus, 1959.
(ed. I. Schapera) David Livingstone: Family Letters, Volume II 1849-1856.
     London: Chatto & Windus, 1959.
(ed. I. Schapera) Livingstone's Missionary Correspondence 1841-1856. London:
     Chatto & Windus, 1961.
David Livingstone's Shire Journal, 1861-1864.                                                                                      PB
(ed. W. Monk) Cambridge Lectures. Deighton, Bell, 1860.
Stanley & Livingstone : A Portrait of Africa & the Explorers in Their Own Words.                PB
Livingstone's Africa: Perilous Adventures and Extensive Discoveries in the                            HC
     Interior of Africa. Ayer Co., 1972.

ABOUT DAVID LIVINGSTONE 'S LIFE AND TIMES:
Becker, Peter, Trails and Tribes in Southern Africa.                                                                          PB
Blaikie, William G., The Personal Life of David Livingstone. London: Murray, 1894.            PB
Campbell, R. J., Livingstone.  New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1929. 
Carruthers, Vincent, The Wildlife of Southern Africa.                                                                        PB
Casada, James A., Dr. David Livingstone and Sir Henry Morton Stanley :                               PB
     an annotated bibliography. 
Cochrane, W., D.D., Memoir of Walter Inglis. Ontario, 1887.
Coupland, Reginald, Kirk on the Zambezi. Oxford University Press, 1928.                                PB
Debenham, F., The Way to Ilala. Longmans, 1955.
Devereux, W. Cope, Cruise in the 'Gorgon'. Bell & Daldy, 1869.                                                      PB
Elliott, W. A., Nyaka. London Mission Society, 1908.
Goodwin, H., Memoir of Bishop Mackensie. Deighton, Bell, 1865.
Gump, James O., The Formation of the Zulu Kingdom in South Africa,                          HC      PB
     1750-1840. Edwin Mellon Press, 1991.
Harvey, Chris, Beyond the Endless Mopane: A Photographic Safari through                          HC
     Livingstone's Africa. Voyageur Press, 1997.
Huxley, Elspeth, Livingstone and his African Journeys. 1974                                                        PB
Lee, Richard B. (ed.), Kalahari Hunter-Gatherers. ToExcel, 1998.                                                PB
Lloyd, Brendan W., A bibliography of published works by and about David                           PB
     Livingstone, 1843-1975. 
Lovett, R., History of the London Mission Society, 1795-1895. Froude, 1899.
Martelli, George, Livingstone's River: A History of the Zambezi Expedition,                           PB
     1858-1864. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1969.
Mcnair, James I., ed., Livingstone's Travels. New York: Macmillan Company, 1954.
Moffat, J. S., Lives of Robert and Mary Moffat. T.  Fisher Unwin, 1885.
Moodie, D. C., History of the Battles & Adventures of the British, Boers and                           HC
     Zulus…in South Africa…, 1968.
Northcott, Cecil, David, Livingstone - His Triumph, Decline and Fall.                                        PB
Oswell, W. E., William Cotton Oswell. Heinemann, 1900.
Pachai, Bridglal, Livingstone: Man of Africa: Memorial Essays, 1873-1973.                              PB
Rowley, Henry, The Story of the Universities' Mission To Central Africa, From Its               PB
     Commencement Under Bishop Mackensie To Its Withdrawal From the Zambesi. 
Schapera, I., Apprentice at Kuruman. Oppenheimer Series, 1951.
Schapera, I., Tribal Innovators: Tswana chiefs and Social Change, 1795-1940.                      PB
Seaver, George, David Livingstone: His Life and  Letters. New York: Harper, 1957.
Smith, E. W., Robert Moffat. S. C. M., 1925.
Smithers, A.  J., The Kaffir Wars, 1779-1877.                                                                                          PB
Stafford, Robert A., Scientist of Empire: Sir Roderick Murchison. Cambridge                          HC
     Un. Press, 1990.
Stanley, Sir Henry Morton, How I Found Livingstone. Sampson Low, 1872.                              HC
Theal, G. M., History of South Africa since September 1795. Swan Sonnenschein, 19o8.
Wallis, J. P. R., The Matabele Journals of Robert Moffat. Oppenheimer Series, I945).          PB
Wallis, J. P. R., The Zambesi Journals of James Stewart. Oppenheimer Series, 1952.
Wellman, Sam. David Livingstone: Missionary and Explorer. Uhrichsville,                  HC      PB
     OH: Barbour Pub., 1995.